If Ireland wants to charge 12.5% what has it got to do with Europe
If that's the local tax rate what is the fine for
Sorry if you have explained this elsewhere fingy
But how are co.panies able to sort it so they don't pay their correct taxes in the countries they operate in and not just where the headquarters are
Maybe we need a turnover tax
My understanding (and I'm not sure what my opinion is on it, TBH). Any country in the EU can set its corporation tax to whatever value they like. In Ireland, it's 12.5%. What Ireland has done with Apple is cut a deal where they only pay 1% rather than 12.5% - which encouraged Apple to locate their European HQ in Ireland rather than the UK or wherever and employ lots of people. So, good for job creation, although bad for corporation tax revenues.
EDIT: As I read a bit deeper, it probably wasn't a flat "1%", but something a bit more variable, focusing on some sales rather than others - so don't beat me up on the detail, OK?
This is (apparently) against the spirit and agreement of being in the EU, which says something like "if you're going to benefit from being in the club, you can't act in a way that picks out one company and gives them an advantage at the expense of all those other companies that don't get the same deal." The idea behind it seems to be that a large megacorp shouldn't be able to use its muscle to cut a deal with a financially weak government. It's not to stop countries being flexible, it's to help prevent them from being bullied and to give them an unfair advantage over other companies in the same country.
So, Kiwi, it seems like Ireland can set whatever corporation tax rate it wants to, but it must be the same for all companies. whether it is a good policy or not, or whether it works or not is something I'm not sure about either way.
Regarding your other question... Companies who make and sell in one country should theoretically pay corporation tax in that country. For example, in the UK, we make and sell Foreign-Owned cars (this is a hypothetical example, here, OK?). The profit on those Foreign-Owned cars should result in a corporation tax bill in the UK into our public funds. However, Foreign-Owned may have an European or worldwide HQ somewhere else - that often has a lower rate of tax for companies than the UK does. So, the UK branch of Foreign-Owned gets charged a fee or royalty for hypothetical knowhow from worldwide HQ (which may or may not exist) that allowed them to make the cars. Strangely enough, it wipes out the profit that the UK would otherwise have made, so there's no tax due in the UK.
This seems to be what Apple has done, BTW - all sales in other EU countries seem to end up being revenue in Ireland in the form of royalties rather in the country they were actually sold.