A brief history of English education since 1945
First there were grammar schools and secondary moderns and technical colleges. Both my parents went to grammar schools but left at 15/16. To work.
I was the last year group in my area to have the opportunity to go to a grammar school. I did, and like everyone else got there with no extra tuition or coaching, just a primary school education and the 11 plus. I was the first person in either side of my family to go to university, but most of my friends at school left at 16 or 18, only a tiny minority of us went to university (less than 5%). University was essentially free and high quality, but places were limited.
In most places grammar schools were phased out. Both my brothers went to comps, six form college then university. Where there were still a few grammar schools they became more selective as there were fewer places, and people started cramming and paying for private tuition to get in. The grammars started looking like private schools.
Then there was a massive expansion in university places, which became expensive and quality dropped. Lots of places were taken by foreign students who paid more. Everyone was expected to stay in education of some kind until they were 18. Many places at the remaining grammar schools, which are good at getting people into decent universities, go to kids who have been privately educated until 11 or 16. The ones near me are indistinguishable from private schools, except in sport, and they are more selective than them.
The local non grammar state schools are of such variable quality that, hugely reluctantly, both my kids have been educated at (excellent but not faultless) private schools for the majority of their time at school. Both have played sport to county level because of the opportunities they have got there. But I am too scared to calculate what it has cost in hard cash and delayed retirement. They are lucky that we were prepared to do this and could, just, afford to. Do they appreciate it? Of course not.
Now Theresa May wants to expand grammar schools again, in a kind of half hearted way. I benefitted hugely from this system, but I think this is nuts. Either you go for it 100% and make it possible for kids of all backgrounds to get there, without expensive private tuition or via the private education back door, or you forget about it and focus on improving quality in ALL schools. It is perfectly possible to get a great education in a comprehensive school if you do it right. It shouldn't cross any parent's mind to move house to get into a 'good' catchment area.
Apologies for the length of this, but it's a subject close to my heart, and will be for another five years. I don't have any answers, but education is one of the things I can say with confidence that my experience decades ago was better than what is available now (I know that isn't true of everyone) and that isn't right. How could we get something so important so wrong? Politics and ideology, probably.
Just read in the paper that 25% of state school pupils have private tutoring and that rises to 42% in London. Probably not to get into grammar schools but because the parents don't think the state system is good enough to deliver the grades needed to get into the University of Acton East. Bizarrely, even more private school pupils get tutoring, meaning the parents are paying twice. At least I didn't fall into that trap.