The science behind RHCs liver thread

Science funny, cos it's science truth

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@Diego

 

The term quantum computer is bollocks.

All processing and delivery of data is serial. Opening more channels for more serial processing, by any method, and more channels to deliver that output, is still serial. ie several serial channels in parallel. Still serial.
The more channels you open for processing and the faster you make them the more heat you generate.

This is cooling for a 17 qubit processor

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Qubit processing is not QUANTUM processing Its a new method that is FAST, but requires massive power, massive cooling.

Quantum computing was not meant to use hardware like this, conventional hardware, and was meant to deliver computing power of almost unlimited capacity for a FAR LESS power input in return, and was meant to be in small machines like laptops, the science failed miserably, but the moniker remains.

ugh UGH!!!

It is a dead end, because that image just proves it. The size and heat problems are conventional processing problems, and you are left with faster and hotter and larger hardware that needs more and more cooling, states instead of bits, but the hardware has to process states just the same

 

Nope, that is the difference between
COMPUTABILITY and COMPLEXITY.
In CS, the distinction is clear.

If the author should be saying that the "impossible"
problem P is something so complex that with a current
computer it would take months/years/decades etc
to compute, but for a N qubit system :

1. a value of N has been found for which P
would be computed orders of magnitudes faster
(hours/days/weeks etc)

2. a working N qubit computer has been built to solve P


then fair comment.

 

https://www.theguardian.com/technol...rld-beating-quantum-computer-michelle-simmons

 

Now if achieved, that would actually be a quantum computer, unlike the bogus so called "quantum computers" currently in operation.

We've been "close" before, only for it all to be mere hope than progress. Lets hope this is different.

This type of computing power could be fit into a laptop or a smartphone eventually. Though, still output has to be matched by the systems using the output, a bottleneck of sorts

Current hard disks for example, could not write output data fast enough. memory would not keep up either.

It's hard to believe we are still limited to SSD and Platter based disks, but we are

maybe both memory and storage could also be atom sized

But to be clear, they are nowhere near turning this into a processor, that is clear from the article, and in fact, they are not even certain about entanglement anyway other than showing they "can" transfer information, processing that information is a different matter

replacing base 2 with qubits is only part of the riddle

 

Cracks in Earth's Magnetic Shield
Immense cracks in our planet's magnetic field can remain open for hours, allowing the solar wind to gush through and power stormy space weather.

Dec. 3, 2003: Earth is surrounded by a magnetic force field--a bubble in space called "the magnetosphere" tens of thousands of miles wide. Although many people don't know it exists, the magnetosphere is familiar. It's a far flung part of the same planetary magnetic field that deflects compass needles here on Earth's surface. And it's important. The magnetosphere acts as a shield that protects us from solar storms.

According to new observations, however, from NASA's IMAGE spacecraft and the joint NASA/European Space Agency Cluster satellites, immense cracks sometimes develop in Earth's magnetosphere and remain open for hours. This allows the solar wind to gush through and power stormy space weather.

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Above: An artist's rendition of NASA's IMAGE satellite flying through a 'crack' in Earth's magnetic field. [more]

"We've discovered that our magnetic shield is drafty, like a house with a window stuck open during a storm," says Harald Frey of the University of California, Berkeley, lead author of a paper on this research published Dec. 4 in Nature. "The house deflects most of the storm, but the couch is ruined. Similarly, our magnetic shield takes the brunt of space storms, but some energy slips through its cracks, sometimes enough to cause problems with satellites, radio communication, and power systems."

"The new knowledge that the cracks are open for long periods can be incorporated into our space weather forecasting computer models to more accurately predict how our space weather is influenced by violent events on the Sun," adds Tai Phan, also of UC Berkeley, co-author of the Nature paper.
The solar wind is a fast-moving stream of electrically charged particles (electrons and ions) blown constantly from the Sun. The wind can get gusty during violent solar events, like coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which can shoot a billion tons of electrified gas into space at millions of miles per hour.

Earth's magnetosphere generally does a good job of deflecting the particles and snarled magnetic fields carried by CMEs. Even so, space storms and their vivid effects, like auroras which light up the sky over the polar regions with more than a hundred million watts of power, have long indicated that the shield was not impenetrable.

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In 1961, Jim Dungey of the Imperial College, United Kingdom, predicted that cracks might form in the magnetic shield when the solar wind contained a magnetic field that was oriented in the opposite direction to a portion of the Earth's field. In these regions, the two magnetic fields would interconnect through a process known as "magnetic reconnection," forming a crack in the shield through which the electrically charged particles of the solar wind could flow.


Left: An artist's rendition of magnetic reconnection. The amber-brown lines denote lines of magnetic force. The bright spot is where oppositely-directed fields are making contact and "reconnecting."

In 1979, Goetz Paschmann of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany detected the cracks using the International Sun Earth Explorer (ISEE) spacecraft. However, since this spacecraft only briefly passed through the cracks during its orbit, it was unknown if the cracks were temporary features or if they were stable for long periods.

In the new observations, the Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) satellite revealed an area almost the size of California in the arctic upper atmosphere where a 75-megawatt "proton aurora" flared for hours. A proton aurora is a form of Northern Lights caused by heavy solar ions striking Earth's upper atmosphere, causing it to emit ultraviolet light--invisible to the human eye but detectable by the Far Ultraviolet Imager on IMAGE. While this aurora was being recorded by IMAGE, the 4-satellite Cluster constellation flew far above IMAGE, directly through the crack, and detected solar wind ions streaming through it.

Below: An artist's rendition of the four Cluster satellites near a stream of solar ions pouring in through a crack in the magnetosphere. [more]

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This stream of solar wind ions bombarded our atmosphere in precisely the same region where IMAGE saw the proton aurora. The fact that IMAGE was able to view the proton aurora for more than 9 hours implies that the crack remained continuously open. Researchers estimate that the crack was twice the size of Earth at the boundary of our magnetic shield--about 38,000 miles (60,000 km) above the planet's surface. Since the magnetic field converges as it enters the Earth in the polar regions, the crack narrowed to about the size of California down near the upper atmosphere.


Fortunately, these cracks don't expose Earth's surface to the solar wind. Our atmosphere protects us, even when our magnetic field doesn't. The effects of solar storms are felt mainly in the high upper atmosphere and the region of space around Earth where satellites orbit.

Stay tuned later this week for a follow-up story from Science@NASA about how magnetic cracks have lately sparked beautiful auroras--a phenomenon of the upper atmosphere--in some unexpected places.



more information

IMAGE was launched March 25, 2000, to provide a global view of the space around Earth influenced by the Earth's magnetic field. The Cluster satellites, built by ESA, and launched July 16, 2000, are making a three-dimensional map of the Earth's magnetic field. Click here for images, movies and more information.

The Sun Goes Haywire -- (Science@NASA) Solar maximum is years past, yet the sun has been remarkably active lately. Is the sunspot cycle broken?

Solar Superstorm -- (Science@NASA) Scientists are beginning to understand a historic solar storm in 1859.

SpaceWeather.com -- current information about solar activity and auroras

NOAA Space Environment Center -- the US government's official source of space weather data and forecasts

https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/03dec_magneticcracks
Not a coincidence

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The record cold and snow in 200\10 the US and UK and around the world, and 2018 the cold and snow has been serious

 

This is from Norway, solar wind penetration into the "cracks" in the magnetic shield

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#photoshop

 

I doubt there is a photographer out there that does not enhance their photos in some way tbh, especially lighting tweaks.

that's more an expensive camera, than photoshop, I reckon.

 

And a very long exposure

 

We probably won’t hear from aliens. But by the time we do, they’ll be dead.
A new Drake Equation calculation suggests ghost signals haunt parts of the Milky Way
BY
LISA GROSSMAN
12:00PM, MARCH 12, 2018

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CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? Electromagnetic signals (blue circles) from alien civilizations will continue traveling through the Milky Way even after the aliens are gone. The appearance of a doughnut hole represents when a civilization dies out.

If signals from an alien civilization ever reach Earth, odds are the aliens will already be dead.

In an effort to update the 1961 Drake Equation, which estimates the number of detectable, intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way, physicist Claudio Grimaldi and colleagues calculated the area of the galaxy that should be filled with alien signals at a given time (SN Online: 11/1/09).

The team, which includes Frank Drake (now a professor emeritus at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, Calif., and the University of California, Santa Cruz), assumed technologically savvy civilizations are born and die at a constant rate. When a civilization dies out and stops broadcasting, the signals it had sent continue traveling like concentric ripples on a pond. Part of the Milky Way should be filled with these ghost signals.

If the civilization lasted less than 100,000 years — the time it takes light to cross the galaxy — then the odds of the signals reaching Earth while the civilization is still broadcasting are vanishingly small, the researchers report February 27 at arXiv.org. Humans, for example, have been transmitting radio waves for only about 80 years, so our radio waves cover less than 0.001 percent of the Milky Way.

“If the civilization emitted from the other side of the galaxy, when the signal arrives here, the civilization will already be gone,” says Grimaldi, of the Federal Polytechnical School of Lausanne in Switzerland.

Surprisingly, the team also calculated that the average number of E.T. signals crossing Earth at a given time should equal the number of civilizations currently transmitting — even if the civilizations we hear from aren’t the same ones presently broadcasting. Grimaldi is now working on a paper about what it means that we’ve found none so far.

 

Superconductors may shed light on the black hole information paradox
Scientists are trying to understand what happens to information that falls into a black hole
BY
EMILY CONOVER
4:12PM, MARCH 9, 2018

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MIRROR, MIRROR When black holes evaporate, where does the trapped information go? One potential explanation, that the black hole (illustrated) reflects the information instead of trapping it, has parallels with the behavior of materials that conduct electricity without resistance.

NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER

• LOS ANGELES — Insights into a black hole paradox may come from a down-to-Earth source.

Superconductors, materials through which electrons can move freely without resistance, may share some of the physics of black holes, physicist Sreenath Kizhakkumpurath Manikandan of the University of Rochester in New York reported March 7 at a meeting of the American Physical Society. The analogy between the two objects could help scientists understand what happens to information that gets swallowed up in a black hole’s abyss.

When a black hole gobbles up particles, information about the particles’ properties is seemingly trapped inside. According to quantum mechanics, such information cannot be destroyed. Physicist Stephen Hawking determined in 1974 that black holes slowly evaporate over time, emitting what’s known as Hawking radiation before eventually disappearing. That fact implies a conundrum known as the black hole information paradox (SN: 5/31/14, p. 16): When the black hole evaporates, where does the information go?

One possible solution, proposed in 2007 by physicists Patrick Hayden of Stanford University and John Preskill of Caltech, is that the black hole could act like a mirror, with information about infalling particles being reflected outward, imprinted in the Hawking radiation. Now, Manikandan and physicist Andrew Jordan, also of the University of Rochester, report that a process that occurs at the interface between a metal and a superconductor is analogous to the proposed black hole mirror.

The effect, known as Andreev reflection, occurs when electrons traveling through a metal meet a superconductor. The incoming electron carries a quantum property known as spin, similar to the spinning of a top. The direction of that spin is a kind of quantum information. When the incoming electron meets the superconductor, it pairs up with another electron in the material to form a duo known as a Cooper pair. Those pairings allow electrons to glide easily through the material, facilitating its superconductivity. As the original electron picks up its partner, it also leaves behind a sort of electron alter ego reflecting its information back into the metal. That reflected entity is referred to as a “hole,” a disturbance in a material that occurs when an electron is missing. That hole moves through the metal as if it were a particle, carrying the information contained in the original particle’s spin.

Likewise, if black holes act like information mirrors, as Hayden and Preskill suggested, a particle falling into a black hole would be followed by an antiparticle coming out — a partner with the opposite electric charge — which would carry the information contained in the spin of the original particle. Manikandan and Jordan showed that the two processes were mathematically equivalent.

It’s still not clear whether the black hole mirror is the correct solution to the paradox, but the analogy suggests experiments with superconductors could clarify what happens to the information, Jordan says. “That’s something you can’t ever do with black holes: You can’t do those detailed experiments because they’re off in the middle of some galaxy somewhere.”

The theory is “intriguing,” says physicist Justin Dressel of Chapman University in Orange, Calif. Such comparisons are useful in allowing scientists to take insights from one area and apply them elsewhere. But additional work is necessary to determine how strong an analogy this is, Dressel says. “You may find with further inspection the details are different.”

 

http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43477352

Some good news for science collaboration. Uk selected to lead a european project launching a telescope into space for analysing exoplanet athmospheres

Interesting that UK was selected despite brexit and the scientist involved is italian.

however that said it is getting led in the uk and assembled here. ESA seems to be able to ignore politics.

 

Galaxy found with no dark matter.


Not a surprise. Dark matter is just calculation and measurement errors anyway. 21st century "ether" .

 

1. Theorize.
2. Measure hypothesis.
3. New theory is measure doesn't fit.

Clearly dark matter is not key to formation of galaxy as was theorized.

#science.

Guess
Measure
Guess again

 

What they're claiming is the reason there is no dark.matter is because this Galaxy formed from gasses escaping a much bigger Galaxy.

It seems people have been hunting for proof of dark matter my whole life. They'll go on hunting for it after I'm dead no doubt.

There's been a lot of effort and money sunk into prooving dark matter exists without result. Obviously I'm not an astrophysicist and know a lot less than those guys, but I still bet they find out one day they're just measuring stuff wrong. Just like they did when they measured a particle moving faster than light.

 

one of the biggest issue with any scientific effort is finding a piece of evidence that poses an issue with your hypotheses and then seeking some means ro explain it away without changing your hypotheses as you just like it.

if one galaxy is found with no dark matter its a huge hole in the theory glaxies can only form in dark matter clouds.

 

They probably know that the research shows when experts try to predict the future, they do worse than "dart-throwing monkeys," as Nobel winner Daniel Kahneman said in his book, Thinking, Fast and Slow.

"Tetlock interviewed 284 people who made their living 'commenting or offering advice on political and economic trends.' He asked them to assess the probablilities that certain events would occur in the not-too-distant future, both in areas of the world in which they specialized and in regions about which they had less knowledge. Would Gorbachev be ousted in a coup? Would the United States go to war in the Persian Gulf? Which country would be the next big emerging market? In all, Tetlock gathered more than 80,000 predictions....Respondents were asked to rate the probabilities of three alternative outcomes in every case: the persistence of the status quo, more of something such as political freedom or economic growth, or less of that thing.

"The results were devastating. The experts performed worse than they would have had they simply assigned equal probabilities to each of the three potential outcomes. In other words, people who spend their time, and earn their living, studying a particular topic produce poorer results than dart-throwing monkeys, who would have distributed their choices evenly over the options."

 

1. The burden of proof is always harder than the burden of disproof.

Your stuff has to hold up under all scenarios,
present and future. Disproof only has to find one
counter-example.


2. Some invest a lot personally in their scientific "babies" .

It can be hard for them to accept game over and
a major rethink may be necessary.

 

SURPRISE ASTEROID FLYBY: With little warning, on Sunday, April 15th, a “Tunguska-class” asteroid about the size of a football field flew through the Earth-Moon system. 2018 GE3 was discovered just the day before as it plunged inward from the asteroid belt. A quick-thinking amateur astronomer in Europe was able to record a video of the asteroid as it flew by.

With little warning, a relatively large asteroid flew through the Earth-Moon system on April 15th only 192,200 km (0.5 Lunar Distance) from our planet. 2018 GE3 was discovered by the Catalina Sky Survey approaching Earth on April 14th. Hours later, amateur astronomer Michael Jäger of Weißenkirchen Austria video-recorded the space rock rushing through the southern constellation Serpens:

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2018 GE3 an asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, classified as a near-Earth object, approximately 37–138 meters (100–500 feet) in diameter. It was first observed on 14 April 2018, only one day prior to its sub-lunar close encounter with Earth at 0.50 LD (0.00128 AU) on 15 April 2018. It is the largest known asteroid to ever pass that close to Earth in observational history. Animation by Michael Jäger

“According to Wikipedia, 2018 GE3 is the largest known asteroid to pass that close to Earth in observational history,” says Jäger. “It was shining like a 13th magnitude star at the time of my observations.”

Based on the intensity of its reflected sunlight, 2018 GE3 must be 48 to 110 meters wide, according to NASA-JPL.

This puts it into the same class as the 60-meter Tunguska impactor that leveled a forest in Siberia in 1908. A more recent point of comparison is the Chelyabinsk meteor–a ~20-meter asteroid that exploded in the atmosphere over Russia on Feb. 15, 2013, shattering windows and toppling onlookers as a fireball brighter than the sun blossomed in the blue morning Ural sky. 2018 GE3 could be 5 to 6 times wider than that object.

If 2018 GE3 had hit Earth, it would have caused regional, not global, damage, and might have disintegrated in the atmosphere before reaching the ground. Nevertheless, it is a significant asteroid, illustrating how even large space rocks can still take us by surprise. 2018 GE3 was found less than a day before before its closest approach.

Based on an observational arc of only 1 day, 2018 GE3 appears to follow an elliptical orbit which stretches from the asteroid belt to deep inside the inner solar system. Every ~2.5 years the space rock crosses the orbits of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars–although not necessarily making close approaches to the planets themselves.

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory has made an interactive orbit viewer available online here

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Via NASA Spaceweather