Have red bull run long gearing this season? Their car usually redlines at 298KMH, so i was just wondering if they have actually tried a more race based setting. For you tech types, would it somehow affect overall cornering performance if the car was geared a touch longer?
They've run short gearing. The difference between a race setup and quali setup gearing wise isn't necessarily dictated by top speed (which would require a longer gearing for qualifying) but where you want to be fast.
Gearing is a compromise between acceleration and top speed, so a shorter range gives you better in gear acceleration, but clips your top speed on long straights, i.e Red Bull reach 280km/h quickly but can't go much faster than that on longer straights. The upshot is that they're accelerating from corner to corner quicker, their car is geared for ultimate lap time rather than straightline speed.
This was okay when they were clear of the field, they could pull out of DRS range in the first two laps and then dictate from there. And another advantage is that on high fuel you're less likely to hit top speed and be punished for the shorter range, which further enabled them to sprint clear early on. A good example of this was Barcelona, McLaren's outright pace was largely down to the tyres, but on the pit straight you could see Hamilton closing faster and faster as the fuel loads came down and Vettel hit the limiter earlier on the straight.
Now they've been caught they'll be very vulnerable on the straights especially with DRS if they persist with short gearing. If they're under attack they'll find it very hard to defend, particularly on Kemmel with DRS, and if they're attacking another car it's difficult to get a run at them into the braking zone, and DRS becomes next to useless as Vettel found out trying to pass Massa at the Nurburgring.
Basically a qualifying setup focuses on outright lap times, while a race setup factors in that they may have to fight other cars on track, usually this is achieved through longer ratios. It seems a bit counterintuitive, similar to last year when they were under-fuelling the cars, it took them longer to complete the race distance but because overtaking was so difficult track position was king.
Somewhere like Monza with lots of long straights, a qualifying setup could use longer gears than a race setup because of the higher top speeds achievable on low fuel.