Medical Science can treat underlying problems with germ line gene therapy -the only problem is that it is illegal. The technique has been trialled in animals, and found to succeed, so without the ethical barrier, within a few years it would be possible to screen everyone for genetic disorders, and alter the specific genes of their sperm/ovum, in order to eradicate a genetic problem. If the technique was not illegal, and made widespread, it would be possible within maybe 5 generations to complete remove issues such as Huntingdons disease, Sickle Cell Anaemia, Cystic Fibrosis, etc, etc from the population. Sure, random genetic mutation will always throw up the occasional new problem, and some issues occur in such a low proportion of the population that it wouldn't be worth screening for, but the majority of genetic disorders as they are today could be eliminated.
However, if it was allowed, then you're on a slippery slope to designer babies, deliberately breeding certain unnecessary characteristics, eugenics, and a whole lot of other nasty stuff, but the scientific principle is still valid.