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Off Topic The Science Only Thread

Discussion in 'Liverpool' started by BBFs Unpopular View, Jan 25, 2016.

  1. Red Hadron Collider

    Red Hadron Collider The Hammerhead

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    Are you pretending to be Sis? <yikes>
     
    #421
  2. Tobes

    Tobes Warden
    Forum Moderator

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    #422
  3. Peej

    Peej Fabio Borini Lover

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    Pretending to be stupid, don't be daft!

    We were all told he was a fraud, wouldn't be remembered for his groundbreaking work......yet here he goes again on the cutting edge
     
    #423
  4. Red Hadron Collider

    Red Hadron Collider The Hammerhead

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    The man was a bona fide genius. Absolutely no doubt <ok>
     
    #424
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  5. Red Hadron Collider

    Red Hadron Collider The Hammerhead

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    He didn't even get the Nobel Prize for general relativity. He got it for his work on the photo-electric effect <yikes>
     
    #425
  6. Peej

    Peej Fabio Borini Lover

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    The Nobel prize is only given to something that can be proven, not theoretical work. Hawking will most probably never get one either!
     
    #426
  7. Treble

    Treble Keyser Söze

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    Neither will Klopp :biggrin: <ok>
     
    #427
  8. Jeremy Hillary Boob

    Jeremy Hillary Boob GC Thread Terminator

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    I may be thick (indeed, it's provable, but not worth a Nobel prize) but the work Penzias and Wilson did/stumbled on for CMB - how did they prove that was the Big Bang? ould it not equally prove Steady State?
     
    #428
  9. InBiscanWeTrust

    InBiscanWeTrust Rome, London, Paris, Rome, Istanbul, Madrid
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    Hes just taking a self imposed break <ok>
     
    #429
  10. Tobes

    Tobes Warden
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    A self banning....who'd ever do such a thing.....:emoticon-0136-giggl
     
    #430

  11. Red Hadron Collider

    Red Hadron Collider The Hammerhead

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    CERN Director-General Rolf Heuer passes the baton to Fabiola Gianotti
    18 Dec 2015

    Geneva, 18 December 2015. The 178th session of the CERN Council today saw the handover ceremony from Rolf Heuer, CERN1’s Director-General for the past seven years, to Fabiola Gianotti, who will take up her functions at the head of the Organization on 1 January 2016. On the same day, Sijbrand de Jong will become the new CERN Council President, taking over from Agnieszka Zalewska at the end of her three-year term.

    “I wish CERN a future rich in discoveries and innovations, and I wish the next President of Council, Sijbrand de Jong, every success in his new challenging position,” said President of the CERN Council Agnieszka Zalewska.

    “I would like to thank the CERN Council delegates for entrusting me with this responsibility,” said incoming President of Council Sijbrand de Jong. “I wish to CERN a luminous and energetic year 2016.”

    Council delegates paid tribute to, and warmly thanked Rolf Heuer for his leadership and the work accomplished during his term of office. During his mandate the LHC was successfully commissioned, providing the global scientific community with a unique tool for studying the fundamental laws of nature.

    “These have been seven fantastic years for science and international collaboration. I have enjoyed every single day of it, and I’m confident that CERN will continue to shine in the future,” said Director-General Rolf Heuer.

    The scientific highlight of the past seven years was the announcement in 2012 of the discovery of a new particle proving the existence of the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism. Many other significant scientific results also contributed to enlarging the sum of human knowledge before a two-year shutdown, which enabled the LHC to reach an unprecedented energy this year as Run 2 got underway. In the light of these achievements, the CERN Council congratulated the management team and all the personnel on the scientific and technical excellence demonstrated by the Organization, and presented its best wishes to incoming Director-General, Fabiola Gianotti.

    “The new management inherits a laboratory in great shape. For that I would like to thank Rolf Heuer and his team along with all staff, users and Member States,” said incoming Director-General Fabiola Gianotti. “We have a great legacy to build on, and a very bright future ahead.”
     
    #431
  12. Red Hadron Collider

    Red Hadron Collider The Hammerhead

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    Reactor data hint at existence of fourth neutrino
    Deficit in antiparticle output exceeds theoretical expectations
    BY
    RON COWEN
    1:20PM, FEBRUARY 25, 2016
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    GHOST FINDER New results of experiments at the Daya Bay neutrino detector (walls lined with photomultiplier tubes, shown) hint at the existence of a lightweight sterile neutrino, about one-millionth the mass of an electron.

    BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY/FLICKR (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

    SPONSOR MESSAGE
    In tunnels deep inside a granite mountain at Daya Bay, a nuclear reactor facility some 55 kilometers from Hong Kong, sensitive detectors are hinting at the existence of a new form of neutrino, one of nature’s most ghostly and abundant elementary particles.

    Neutrinos, electrically neutral particles that sense only gravity and the weak nuclear force, interact so feebly with matter that 100 trillion zip unimpeded through your body every second. They come in three known types: electron, muon and tau. The Daya Bay results suggest the possibility that a fourth, even more ghostly type of neutrino exists — one more than physicists’ standard theory allows.

    Dubbed the sterile neutrino, this phantom particle would carry no charge of any kind and would be impervious to all forces other than gravity. Only when shedding its invisibility cloak by transforming into an electron, muon or tau neutrino could the sterile neutrino be detected. Definitive evidence “would open up a whole new avenue of research,” says particle physicist Stephen Parke of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill.

    Possible evidence for the sterile particle comes from a mismatch between theory and experiment. If a nuclear reactor produces a beam of just one type of neutrino, theory predicts that some should change their identity as they travel to a far-off detector (SN Online: 10/6/15). Analyzing more than 300,000 electron antineutrinos (the antimatter counterpart of the electron neutrino) collected from the Daya Bay nuclear reactors during 217 days of operation, researchers found 6 percent fewer of the particles than predicted by the standard particle physics model. Particle physicist Kam-Biu Luk of the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and colleagues report the findings in the Feb. 12 Physical Review Letters.

    One explanation for the deficit is that some of the electron antineutrinos have transformed into an undetectable, lightweight sterile neutrino, about one-millionth the mass of an electron, says Luk. Other nuclear reactor studies, including an experiment at the Bugey reactor in Saint-Vulbas, France, have seen similar electron antineutrino deficits, he notes. Studies with muon antineutrino beams at some particle accelerators have seen an excess of electron antineutrinos, which might be attributed to a different kind of sleight-of-hand by the unseen sterile neutrinos.

    The Daya Bay result provides the most precise measure yet of the energies of antielectron neutrinos at a nuclear reactor. Even so, the statistical significance of the deficit is not high enough to rate the finding a discovery. The result is a “three-sigma” finding, meaning that there’s about a 0.3 percent probability that such a paucity of electron antineutrinos would have occurred if no sterile neutrino exists. Physicists generally want a discrepancy to have a significance of five-sigma, or a 0.00003 percent chance of being a fluke, before they will label it a discovery.

    Besides the hint of sterile neutrinos, the Daya Bay results reveal a second strange feature — an excess of electron antineutrinos (compared with theoretical predictions) at an energy of around 5 million electron volts. That could be a sign of completely new physics awaiting discovery (or simply that scientists don’t have a detailed enough grasp of the output of nuclear reactors). A revised understanding of that feature might even do away with the need for a lightweight sterile neutrino to explain the overall deficit in electron antineutrinos.

    But if definitive evidence for a light sterile neutrino is eventually found, it “would turn the theory community on its head,” says Parke, and could have a bigger impact than the discovery of the Higgs boson, the Nobel-winning finding that explains why elementary particles have mass.

    “Finding a sterile neutrino is extremely important because it would be the first discovery of a particle which cannot be accommodated in the framework of the so-called standard model,” says particle physicist Carlo Giunti of the University of Turin in Italy.

    One of the earliest experiments that suggested the presence of sterile neutrinos was the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector, which operated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico from 1993 to 1998. The LSND found that muon antineutrinos beamed into 167 tons of mineral oil had morphed into electron antineutrinos in a way that seemed to require a fourth type of neutrino to exist. A follow-up experiment at Fermilab, called MiniBooNE, ran from 2002 to 2012, with equivocal results. Another Fermilab experiment, MicroBooNE, began operation last October. MicroBooNE is the first of three liquid argon detectors, spaced at different distances near neutrino sources at Fermilab, that will track with unprecedented precision the transformation of neutrinos from one type to another.

    Located 470 meters from Fermilab’s Booster Neutrino Beamline, MicroBooNE is the middle of the trio, to be joined in 2018 by ICARUS, the farthest detector, at a distance of about 700 meters from the beamline, and the Short-Baseline Near Detector, placed just 100 meters from the source. First results from the trio are expected in 2021, says experimental particle physicist Peter Wilson of Fermilab.

    The detectors will also serve as a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, a large-scale experiment that will send Fermilab-generated neutrinos on a 1,300-kilometer journey to the Sanford Underground Research Facility near Lead, S.D.

    Story continues after diagram



    (SN: 1/26/13, p. 18).

    “For cosmology, the [lightweight] sterile neutrino that we are talking about cannot solve the problem of the matter-antimatter asymmetry, but it is likely that the sterile neutrino is connected with other new particles that can solve the problem,” says Giunti.

    Scientists see another, more practical, benefit for studying neutrinos. By recording the antineutrino output of nuclear reactors, detectors can discern the relative amounts of plutonium and uranium, the raw materials for making nuclear weapons. Gram for gram, fissioned plutonium and uranium have distinctive fingerprints in both the energy and rate of antineutrinos they produce, says physicist Adam Bernstein of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. Closeup monitoring of reactors, from a distance of 10 to 500 meters, has already been demonstrated; detectors capable of monitoring weapons activity from several hundred kilometers away is possible but will require additional research and funding, Bernstein says.
     
    #432
  13. astro

    astro Well-Known Member

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    #433
  14. Milk not bear jizz

    Milk not bear jizz Grasser-In-Chief

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    I just realized that Sisu has gone so this thread is worth visiting.
     
    #434
  15. Red Hadron Collider

    Red Hadron Collider The Hammerhead

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    Yeah, but there's no-one posting on it <laugh>
     
    #435
  16. Red Hadron Collider

    Red Hadron Collider The Hammerhead

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    Scientists at Large Hadron Collider hope to make contact with PARALLEL UNIVERSE in days
    SCIENTISTS conducting a mindbending experiment at the Large Hadron Collider next week hope to connect with a PARALLEL UNIVERSE outside of our own.
    By PAUL BALDWIN
    PUBLISHED: 00:49, Thu, Oct 22, 2015 | UPDATED: 09:21, Thu, Oct 22, 2015

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    Collision course: Large Hadron Collider could discover parallel universe
    The staggeringly complex LHC ‘atom smasher’ at the CERN centre in Geneva, Switzerland, will be fired up to its highest energy levels ever in a bid to detect - or even create - miniature black holes.

    If successful a completely new universe will be revealed – rewriting not only the physics books but the philosophy books too.

    It is even possible that gravity from our own universe may ‘leak’ into this parallel universe, scientists at the LHC say.

    The experiment is sure to inflame alarmist critics of the LHC, many of whom initially warned the high energy particle collider would spell the end of our universe with the creation a black hole of its own.
    • But so far Geneva remains intact and comfortably outside the event horizon.

    Indeed the LHC has been spectacularly successful. First scientists proved the existence of the elusive Higgs boson ‘God particle’ - a key building block of the universe - and it is seemingly well on the way to nailing ‘dark matter’ - a previously undetectable theoretical possibility that is now thought to make up the majority of matter in the universe.

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    Atom art: An image of two protons smashed together at the LHC
    But next week’s experiment is considered to be a game changer.

    Mir Faizal, one of the three-strong team of physicists behind the experiment, said: “Just as many parallel sheets of paper, which are two dimensional objects [breadth and length] can exist in a third dimension [height], parallel universes can also exist in higher dimensions.

    “We predict that gravity can leak into extra dimensions, and if it does, then miniature black holes can be produced at the LHC.

    "Normally, when people think of the multiverse, they think of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, where every possibility is actualised.

    "This cannot be tested and so it is philosophy and not science.

    “This is not what we mean by parallel universes. What we mean is real universes in extra dimensions.

    • “As gravity can flow out of our universe into the extra dimensions, such a model can be tested by the detection of mini black holes at the LHC.

    “We have calculated the energy at which we expect to detect these mini black holes in ‘gravity's rainbow’ [a new scientific theory].

    “If we do detect mini black holes at this energy, then we will know that both gravity's rainbow and extra dimensions are correct."

    When the LHC is fired up the energy is measured in Tera electron volts – a TeV is 1,000,000,000,000, or one trillion, electron Volts

    So far, the LHC has searched for mini black holes at energy levels below 5.3 TeV.

    But the latest study says this is too low.

    Instead, the model predicts that black holes may form at energy levels of at least 9.5 TeV in six dimensions and 11.9 TeV in 10 dimensions.

    <yikes> <laugh>
     
    #436
  17. moreinjuredthanowen

    moreinjuredthanowen Mr Brightside

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    SoO will they find the universe where LFC never actually fell apart then?

    you know the one.. where ferguson has liver failure.
     
    #437
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  18. Peej

    Peej Fabio Borini Lover

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    People are.....

    But not agenda driven rubbish.
     
    #438
  19. Diego

    Diego Lone Ranger

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    I am really confused now, first there was an infinite nothingness in which two grains of nothing collided and caused a massive explosion scattering loads of something (which suddenly appeared) all over the now universe which is full of stuff.
    That was hard to grasp, but now it seems there were loads of infinite nothingnesses all existing against each other and other grains of nothing collided in all of them as well.
    We now have loads of universes (or multiverses) all created from grains of nothing colliding at great speed.
    Where did these grains of nothing come from and how many infinite expanses of nothingness can you fit in an infinite space.
     
    #439
  20. astro

    astro Well-Known Member

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    The nothingness becomes something that expands into a universe

    But we're viewing it from inside a universe that is itself already expanding

    So from our point of view the new expanding universe appears to be contracting into nothingness
     
    #440
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