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Science - It's life Jim but not as we know it...

Discussion in 'The Premier League' started by Treble, Feb 4, 2022.

  1. Treble

    Treble Keyser Söze

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    I've not got my head around it but that's not a bad explanation.

    What it actually is physically though I don't know. Things are capable of flying through it so is it a form of gravity.
     
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  2. Treble

    Treble Keyser Söze

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    <laugh>

    I'll let them know.
     
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  3. Treble

    Treble Keyser Söze

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    Who knows, maybe we discover far more when we're dead <whistle>

    One way ticket though.
     
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  4. Sucky

    Sucky peoples champ & forum saviour

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    Theres a excavation in antalya turkey, dated 9000/12000 years old.

    Not long discovered

    Wiol get the proper name in a bit
     
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  5. Sucky

    Sucky peoples champ & forum saviour

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    Gobekli tepe

    Dated 9000 bc
     
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  6. Saf

    Saf Not606 Godfather+NOT606 Poster of the year 2023

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    An unprecedented analysis of how cancers grow has revealed an "almost infinite" ability of tumours to evolve and survive, say scientists.

    The results of tracking lung cancers for nine years left the research team "surprised" and "in awe" at the formidable force they were up against.

    They have concluded we need more focus on prevention, with a "universal" cure unlikely any time soon.

    Cancer Research UK said early detection of cancer was vitally important.

    The study - entitled TracerX - provides the most in-depth analysis of how cancers evolve and what causes them to spread.

    Cancers change and evolve over time - they are not fixed and immutable. They can become more aggressive: better at evading the immune system and able to spread around the body.

    A tumour starts as a single, corrupted cell, but becomes a mixture of millions of cells that have all mutated in slightly different ways.

    TracerX tracked that diversity and how it changes over time inside lung cancer patients and say the results would apply across different types of cancer.

    "That has never been done before at this scale," said Prof Charles Swanton, from the Francis Crick Institute and University College London.

    More than 400 people - treated at 13 hospitals in the UK - had biopsies taken from different parts of their lung cancer as the disease progressed.

    "It has surprised me how adaptable tumours can be," Prof Swanton told me.

    "I don't want to sound too depressing about this, but I think - given the almost infinite possibilities in which a tumour can evolve, and the very large number of cells in a late-stage tumour, which could be several hundred billion cells - then achieving cures in all patients with late-stage disease is a formidable task."

    Prof Swanton said: "I don't think we're going to be able to come up with universal cures.

    "If we want to make the biggest impact we need to focus on prevention, early detection and early detection of relapse."

    Obesity, smoking, alcohol and poor diet all increase the risk of some cancers. Tackling inflammation in the body is also being seen as a way of preventing cancer. Inflammation is the likely explanation for air pollution causing lung cancers and inflammatory bowel disease increasing the risk of colon cancer.

    The evolutionary analysis has been published across seven separate studies in the journals Nature and Nature Medicine.

    The research showed:

    • Highly aggressive cells in the initial tumour are the ones that ultimately end up spreading around the body
    • Tumours showing higher levels of genetic "chaos" were more likely to relapse after surgery to other parts of the body
    • Analysing blood for fragments of tumour DNA meant signs of it returning could be spotted up to 200 days before appearing on a CT scan
    • The cellular machinery that reads the instructions in our DNA can become corrupted in cancerous cells making them more aggressive.
    The researchers hope the findings could, in the future, help them predict how a patient's tumour will spread and to tailor treatment.

    Dr David Crosby, the head of prevention and early detection at Cancer Research UK, said: "The exciting results emerging from TracerX improve our understanding that cancer is a disease which evolves as it progresses, meaning that late-stage cancers can become very hard to treat successfully.

    "This underscores the crucial importance of further research to help us to detect cancers at the earliest stages of their development or even better, to prevent them from happening at all."

    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-65252510
     
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  7. Archers Road

    Archers Road Urban Spaceman

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    There is as yet no direct empirical evidence for the existence of dark matter. Billions have been spent trying to detect a single dark matter particle, but to date zip, nada, nothing. What is observable, is the gravitational effect of this hypothetical substance on baryonic (normal) matter. If what physicists understand about gravity from Newton and Einstein is correct, the gravitational mass of huge volumes of particles which emit no light, are needed to explain the structure and stability of observable galaxies. So dark matter is a necessary hypothesis to preserve Newton's Law of Gravitation, which thanks to Einstein we already know doesn't work at extremes of scale anyway, and Einstein's theory of General Relativity, which hasn't failed us yet. Alternative models, such as MOND (modified Newtonian dynamics), have been proposed to explain why, for example, galaxies remain stable and don't fly apart; but none of these alternative theoretical models have yet held up to scrutiny. There remains something, however, that cosmologists aren't seeing.
     
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  8. Big Ern

    Big Ern Lord, Master, Guru & Emperor

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    Interesting thing about Gobleki Tepi is the deeper they dig and the older the constructions are, the better they seem to have been built. Here's a photo of one of the carvings I think most will find amusing.
    please log in to view this image
     
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  9. duggie2000

    duggie2000 Well-Known Member

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    Also called the Cosmic Web that holds Galaxies and planets within Galaxies in their overall positions in the Cosmos like a giant spiders web

    But like a spiders web it can bend or move allowing galaxies to move closer or further away from each other
     
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  10. duggie2000

    duggie2000 Well-Known Member

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    Sucky has been around that long......WOW
     
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  11. Treble

    Treble Keyser Söze

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    Yeh but does it only exist in space? Can dark matter exist on planets? If not why is it restricted to space.
     
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  12. duggie2000

    duggie2000 Well-Known Member

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    Our problem is we are trying to explain with our limited knowledge things that have existed for Billions of years
     
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  13. duggie2000

    duggie2000 Well-Known Member

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    I have seen a programme where the explanation appeared to be that dark matter is the space between galaxies and dark energy is the force that keeps galaxies connected and there's a tug of war between the two that has to be matched otherwise the galaxies will drift so far apart the cosmos will go dark or everything will contract until everything is a single point of matter that could then explode and create a new big bang
     
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  14. Treble

    Treble Keyser Söze

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    The whole of space is dark matter or that dark matter exists in space?
     
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  15. duggie2000

    duggie2000 Well-Known Member

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    That is something our civilisation will never truly understand but it is interesting trying to understand what and where our place in in the overall scheme of things
     
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  16. Treble

    Treble Keyser Söze

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    The only reason I ask is because I want to know how something all-encompassing can exist in space but not on the planets themselves.
     
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  17. brb

    brb CR250

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    I've thought about this theory before and it's one that I find excites my enthusiasm, because everything in life seems to regenerate itself. So my simple logic just thinks why not the whole universe itself, then it takes on the true meaning of eternal life, but how would another big bang play out, will it just be a mirror image of before. It's when you get to that stage of thinking it sounds plain daft, but then some say that only the present exists. We could create a movie out of this and call it, hmmm....Groundhog Day.
     
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  18. brb

    brb CR250

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    Takes my mind off watching Chelsea play lol.
     
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  19. duggie2000

    duggie2000 Well-Known Member

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    Did it take your mind off watching Liverpool play Real Madrid
     
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  20. duggie2000

    duggie2000 Well-Known Member

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    Watching Real Madrid v Chelsea makes you wonder why a massive club like Everton didn't go for the Real manager and give him the funds to make their club successful
     

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